Arabidopsis thaliana ADH1 and ADH3 contained 6 and 4 introns, respectively, while ADH in Chinese cabbage contained five introns (Strommer, 2011). Manual assertion based on experiment in i. Ref.2. Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA 2Programin Evolutionary Biology, Department ofBiology, University ofHouston, Houston, TX 77204-5513USA Abstract.- S1). Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CAD; 1.1.1.195) catalyse the reversible conversion of p-hydroxycinnamaldehydes to their corresponding alcohols, leading to the biosynthesis of lignin in plants.Outside of plants their role is less defined. Three alcohol dehydrogenase genes and one acetyl-CoA synthetase gene are responsible for ethanol utilization in Yarrowia lipolytica. The enzyme is a typical class III member with enzymatic parameters and substrate specificity closely related to those of already established animal forms. According to the amino acid sequence identity, 22 TaADH proteins were divided into two subfamilies (subfamily I, subfamily II) (Fig. ADH protein sequences from Arabidopsis thaliana, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Glycine max, Hordeum vulgare, Lycopersicon esculentum, Oryza sativa and Vitis vinifera were downloaded from the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database by using their gene IDs from the Pyrus bretschneideri reference (Jin et al., 2016). They are involved in abscisic acid response, hypoxia induction, drought induction, low temperature response and methyl jasmonate response. The length of predicted coding sequences of 22 TaADH genes ranged from 1,044 to 1,244 bp, the number of corresponding amino acids ranged from 347 to 415 aa. Lignin is a significant recalcitrant in the conversion of plant biomass to bioethanol. School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, School of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, Genome-wide identification of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family under waterlogging stress in wheat (. All of the TaADH protein sequences contained the GroES-like domain and Zinc-binding domain. Through phylogenetic tree analysis with other species, it was found that 22 TaADH genes in wheat belonged to medium-chain ADH type and were grouped into two subfamilies. Moreover, TaADH17 (TraesCS6A02G386600.1) ~ TaADH19 (TraesCS6D02G371200.1) were involved with “ethanol metabolic process (GO:0006067)”, “ethanol oxidation (GO:0006069)”, “primary alcohol metabolic process (GO:0034308)” and “alcohol metabolic process (GO:0006066)”. Page 11 alcoholic fermentation •Incomplete oxidation of glucose- anaerobic •Sets of reactions where pyruvic acid is converted into CO2 and ethanol. The evolution time of the duplicated events of TaADH genes can be divided into three evolution periods (Fig. 2012 Nov 21;12:222. doi: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-222. ADH1(alcohol dehydrogenase 1) was involved in plant growth and development and responded to various stresses. Xiujuan Ren performed the experiments, authored or reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft. 1B, Fig. Alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs) in plants are encoded by a multigene family. ADHs participate in growth, development, and adaptation in many plant species, but the evolution and function of the ADH gene family in sugarcane is still unclear. • The reaction catalysed by lactate dehydrogenase. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. The (SDR)-ADH gene lacks zinc-liganding cysteine residues in their coenzyme binding regions (Kim et al., 2009; Strommer, 2011; Moummou et al., 2012) and the (LDR)-ADH gene has not been found in plants. In BN607, the expression of TaADH1/2, TaADH3-6, TaADH8-13, TaADH19 and TaADH20 was significantly up-regulated at 24 h after waterlogging. 1A. The number of amino acids,protein molecular weight and isoelectric point of the candidate proteins were calculated by the ExPASy website (https://web.expasy.org/compute_pi/). The first period was 11.19~16.42 million years ago (Mya), with 30 duplicated gene pairs. Dolferus R, Osterman JC, Peacock WJ, Dennis ES. 3C, Table S3). The structures, evolution and functions of alcohol dehydrogenase gene families and their products have been scrutinized for half a century. Besides, according to the number of amino acid residues, all ADH proteins in subfamily I belonged to medium-chain ADH proteins, 3 ADH proteins from subfamily II belonged to long-chain-ADH, the remaining proteins from subfamily II belonged to medium-chain ADH proteins (Fig. We also found that TaADH3, TaADH5, TaADH8, TaADH10-11, TaADH14 and TaADH16-22 were expressed in all parts of wheat, which suggested that these genes may be constantly expressed. Under hypoxia, the transcription level of ADH3 in WT roots did not change, while the transcription level of ADH1 in WT roots was significantly higher than that under oxygen supply. The adjusted p-values of the enrichment significant were transformed by −log10. To reveal the selection pressure of TaADH family genes in the process of evolution, the non-synonymous substitution rate (Ka), synonymous substitution rate (Ks) and Ka/Ks for 64 duplicated pairs were calculated (Fig. Sequence and structural aspects of the functional diversification of plant alcohol dehydrogenases. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC1.1.1.1) is a zinc-binding enzyme that relies on NAD (P) cofactors to participate in the conversion between ethanol and acetaldehyde (Höög et al., 2003; Thompson et al., 2007). Found insideCommunity and ecosystem level; Whole plant responses; Metabolic and genetic responses; Interactive stresses. [Arabidopsis CBF1 in plant tolerance to low temperature and drought stresses]. Finally, the motifs map of TaADH protein were presented by TBtools (https://github.com/CJ-Chen/TBtools) (Chen et al., 2020). The expression levels of the two genes in the root of plum rootstock S.4 under hypoxia treatment were significantly lower than that of the control treatment. According to the amino acid sequence identity, all ADH proteins were divided into three subfamilies (subfamily I, II, III) (Fig. TaADHs existed only in subfamily I and subfamily II. There was a positive correlation between the number of cis-acting elements and the degree of stimuli (Higo et al., 1998). A plant class III alcohol dehydrogenase (or glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase) has been characterized. 2021 Feb 4;12(2):225. doi: 10.3390/genes12020225. From the perspective of ‘biological process’ categories, all TaADHs participated in 30 GO categories, and they were associated with “oxidation-reduction process (GO:0008152)” and “metabolic process (GO:0055114)”. The activity of HvADH1 could be detected during aerobic growth. Alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) is a versatile enzyme involved in many biochemical pathways in plants such as in germination and stress tolerance. Found inside – Page 163There is little information on the mechanism of action of alcohol dehydrogenases from higher plants. Stiborova and Leblova (1979) and Cefovska and Leblova ... In this study, we identified 22 ADH genes from the wheat genome by bioinformatics methods. 4). For instance, subfamily II contained ADH proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana, Cucumis melo, Cucumis sativus, Glycine max, Triticum aestivum and Vitis vinifera, which indicated that these species came from the same ancestor a long time ago. Found inside – Page 102Journal of Plant Physiology 2004;161:105-12. ... of cinnamoyl CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) in tobacco plants. According to the location distribution of these genes on chromosomes (from Ta1A, Ta1B, Ta1D to Ta7A, Ta7B, Ta7D, from top to bottom), they were named TaADH1~TaADH22 (Table 1, Table S2). (2020) recently found the most significant changes in Gene Ontology (GO) terms, resulting from these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) observed under waterlogging stress in barley, were associated with the “hydrogen peroxide metabolic process”, “oxidation-reduction process” and “response to oxidative stress”. "Following" is like subscribing to any updates related to a publication. The Ks value was used to estimate the evolution time when duplication events occurred. Zuther E, Lee YP, Erban A, Kopka J, Hincha DK. Sequencing results from the genome walking product of EgSuSy2 further revealed that the start codon of this gene was missing, and we hypothesize that this is a psuedogene in the Eucalyptus genome. The book not only covers the basic principles of plant biology, such as photosynthesis, primary and secondary metabolism, the function of phytohormones, plant genetics, and plant biotechnology, but it also addresses the various commercial ... 3B), which means that all duplicated gene pairs were purified. One short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase SDRs (OsMAS/SDR110C-MS1) was found in rice (Thompson et al., 2007; Borras et al., 2014). A total of 14 motifs were detected in the wheat ADH family (Fig. You can add specific subject areas through your profile settings. At 72 h after waterlogging treatment, the relative expressions of TaADH1/2, TaADH3 and TaADH9 genes in BN607 were significantly higher than in control. Zinc deficiency in rice (Oryza sativa) usually occurs after flooding.A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine if the metabolic disorders associated with Zn deficiency in flooded rice are due to decreases in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) or glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activities, or both, in the roots, since Zn is a cofactor in these enzymes. 8). ADH has been widely studied in human, animal, yeast and bacteria (Khan et al., 2010; Kumar et al., 2012; Çelik & Aktas, 2013; Jönvall et al., 2013; Plapp et al., 2013; Quaglia et al., 2013; Alka et al., 2013). 5). 31872682); the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2018-110 and lzujbky-2018-kb05). Found insideThis book contains an overview focusing on the research area of enzyme inhibitor and activator, enzyme-catalyzed biotransformation, usage of microbial enzymes, enzymes associated with programmed cell death, natural products as potential ... The wheat genome data was downloaded from the wheat genome database (https://urgi.versailles.inra.fr/download/iwgsc/IWGSC_RefSeq_Assemblies/v1.0/) (Appels et al., 2018). Genes (Basel). Ss-CAD was significantly upregulated during early stage of sclerotial development. Brown midrib mutants in Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor with impaired CAD or COMT activity have attracted considerable agronomic … These results indicate that CbADH1 is the candidate gene to improve the ability of plant freezing resistance, and it has great application value. cDNA sequences encoding a key lignin biosynthetic enzyme, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), were cloned from the widely grown monocotyledonous forage species tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Subfamily I contained the largest number of (10) TaADH proteins, and the remaining three TaADH proteins (TaADH20~22) belonged to subfamily II. To study the expression of the ADH gene (Fig. An anaerobic response complex (ARC) was found in maize, which consists of 5′ -GC (G/C) CC-3′ ( GC ) and 5′ -GGTTT-3′ (GT) components. Alcohol dehydrogenase ( ADH) plays an important role in plant survival under anaerobic conditions. Gene. ⓒKorean Society for Plant Biotechnology Abstract Alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1) is an enzyme present in higher plants involved in the anaerobic fermentation pathway that catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to ethanol, resulting in continuous NAD+ re-generation. Wheat often encounters continuous rainy days during planting. To study the waterlogging tolerance of TaADHs, ‘Zhoumai 22’ (ZM22) and ‘Bainong 607’ (BN607) were used as materials in this study. They regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels (Higo et al., 1998). Cis-acting element analysis showed that almost all of the TaADH genes contained an anaerobic response element. The results may be helpful to further study the function of TaADH genes and to determine the candidate gene for wheat stress resistance breeding. 2). Deficiency in alcohol dehydrogenase 2 reduces arsenic in rice grains by suppressing silicate transporters. All TaADHs belonged to medium-chain ADH protein (Fig. This book continues as volume 2 of a multi-compendium on Edible Medicinal and Non-Medicinal Plants. Here, we confirmed that overexpression of CbADH1 in Arabidopsis and tobacco significantly improved cold shock tolerance through electrolyte leakage, semi-lethal temperature, phenotypic and survival analysis. The expression levels of ADH gene in waterlogging tolerant and waterlogging sensitive wheat seeds were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). There were also differences in the expression patterns of some other duplicated genes (Fig. For example, in the duplicated gene pair TaADH9_TaADH16, TaADH9 was only expressed in grain and root. 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