ќW�^��/�^3��pW���+oH���r��)R��o5\f|��IkBX���m�� ���+�5�©cH�+�A�&]T���AsL���D��ћ���OC���I{R"s�[kY�Q*���jE����Imy9sU����e� ������ Scsa��xQ�;��3�s3���L�8� .i���LP8.1Dvp{�`�-�@n swVED�p���z�t�W�)�. 1,562.4 lbs CO2/MWh × (4.536 × 10-4 metric tons/lb) × 0.001 MWh/kWh = 7.09 × 10-4 metric tons CO2/kWh The medium growth coniferous and deciduous trees are raised in a nursery for one year until they become 1 inch in diameter at 4.5 feet above the ground (the size of tree purchased in a 15-gallon container). Gallons of gasoline consumed was multiplied by carbon dioxide per gallon of gasoline to determine carbon dioxide emitted per vehicle per year. Smith, J., Heath, L., & Nichols, M. (2010). Consequently, it is assumed that the change in equilibrium soil carbon will be annualized over 20 years to represent the annual flux in mineral and organic soils. Carbon Footprint Brandeis Greenhouse Gas Inventory. x���|Y����EݕH2�'��̉�98��ew�t���$�}�oߺ�)��2�n�%�X�{K�zq8m��I^ݶ�]�~��W難mS��ms}-^��J��}���Ra"n�>�"��R��ȓ4� The amount of CO 2 produced when a fuel is burned is a function of the carbon content of the fuel. **This is the chapter slice "Footprints At The Mall And In The Trash Gr. 5-8" from the full lesson plan "Reducing Your Own Carbon Footprint"** Engage students in global climate change by personalizing their own carbon footprint. Electricity generation from an average wind turbine was determined by multiplying the average nameplate capacity of a wind turbine in the United States (2.42 MW) by the average U.S. wind capacity factor (0.35) and by the number of hours per year. 0.0053 metric tons CO2­/therm x 10.36 therms/Mcf = 0.0548 metric tons CO2/Mcf. Significant geographical variations underlie the national estimates, and the values calculated here might not be representative of individual regions, states, or changes in the species composition of additional acres of forest. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Heating Buildings Leaves a Huge Carbon Footprint, But There’s a Fix For It. The average vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in 2018 was 11,556 miles per year (FHWA 2020). Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities.In 2019, CO 2 accounted for about 80 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. hectares × 103) = 200 metric tons of carbon stored per hectare, Annual Net Change in Carbon Stock per Area in Year 2018 = (-154 MMT C  × 106) / (279,787 thou. When global warming potential is taken into account4, CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from the natural gas system are approximately equal (~127 TgCO 2 e). This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SREX) explores the challenge of understanding and managing the risks of climate extremes to advance climate change adaptation. The Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2018 estimates emissions from drained organic soils using U.S.-specific emission factors for cropland and IPCC (2014) default emission factors for forestland (EPA 2020). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2018. On the one hand, when LNG provides natural gas to replace coal-fired power or the use of heating oil, it's a clear environmental winner. The heat content or the amount of energy produced when a fuel is burned is mainly determined by the carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) content of the fuel. The technologies and practices that have enabled the recent boom in shale gas production have also brought attention to the environmental impacts of its use. FM�op٦�� M�,wv�U�4�����zL�q�E@���\%ʁ5%@���ʑ�LQ�� Please note that this is an estimate for “average” U.S. forests from 2017 to 2018; i.e., the annual net change in carbon stock for U.S. forests as a whole between 2017 and 2018. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS In 2018, a total of 264 power plants used coal to generate at least 95% of their electricity (EPA 2020). �ߖ>1��О���0��$�|����G�l~�.�gF)��R'k���a(�T\���d��8J������_�&� �&y�j�c�����l�y�N Monthly Energy Review November 2019, Table A5: Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke. Office of Highway Policy Information, Federal Highway Administration. Ferreira, D., Dey, A. K., & Kostakos, V. (2011). padding-left:0 !important; These plants emitted 1,047,138,303.3 metric tons of CO2 in 2018. According to WARM, the net emission reduction from recycling mixed recyclables (e.g., paper, metals, plastics), compared with a baseline in which the materials are landfilled (i.e., accounting for the avoided emissions from landfilling), is  2.94 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per short ton. Total home electricity, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, and liquefied petroleum gas consumption figures were converted from their various units to metric tons of CO2 and added together to obtain total CO2 emissions per home. stream ��T���� IPCC Report on sources, capture, transport, and storage of CO2, for researchers, policy-makers and engineers. Work alongside TNC staff, partners and other volunteers to care for nature, and discover unique events, tours and activities across the country. Of a sample of approximately 11,000 coniferous and deciduous trees in seventeen major U.S. cities, approximately 11 percent and 89 percent of sampled trees were coniferous and deciduous, respectively (McPherson et al. } Natural gas. 1 0 obj Most of the CO 2 That number also doesn’t take into account all of the carbon emissions that happen across the full life cycle of natural gas, particularly during extraction, infrastructure construction, transport, and storage. Please refer to the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2018 for a discussion of the definition of U.S. forests and methodology for estimating carbon stored in U.S. forests (EPA 2020). Direct methane emissions released to the atmosphere (without burning) are about 25 times more powerful than CO2 in terms of their warming effect on the atmosphere. }. The average heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector in the U.S. in 2018 was 20.85 mmbtu per metric ton (EIA 2019). The greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas system losses or natural gas utilization within the natural gas system (excluding combustion by end-users) are shown in Figure 3. The nursery-grown trees are then planted in a suburban/urban setting; the trees are not densely planted. margin-left: 0px !important; *Mobile Terms & Conditions For cars run on electricity made from coal or natural gas, the stage with the largest carbon footprint is the production of electricity at the power plant. of natural gas and wind in the regional energy mix, with coal playing a much smaller role. Carbon dioxide emissions per pound of coal were determined by multiplying heat content times the carbon coefficient times the fraction oxidized times the ratio of the molecular weight of carbon dioxide to that of carbon (44/12). Monthly Energy Review November 2019, Table A4: Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas for End-Use Sector Consumption. On average, each home consumed 11,880 kWh of delivered electricity. The average heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector in the U.S. in 2018 was 20.85 mmbtu per metric ton (EIA 2019). Carbon emissions reached an all-time high in 2018, when global carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels increased by about 2.7%, after a 1.6% increase in 2017. Burning natural gas for energy results in fewer emissions of nearly all types of air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) than burning coal or petroleum products to produce an equal amount of energy. Heat is produced when C and H combine with oxygen (O) during combustion. The fraction oxidized to CO2 is 100 percent (IPCC 2006). Natural gas is a much ‘dirtier’ energy source, carbon-wise, than we thought. Burning wood releases more CO 2 than gas, oil and even coal for the same amount of heat, … The largest source of natural carbon emissions is from the exchange of carbon dioxide between the oceans and the atmosphere. Organic soils also emit CO2 when drained. According to WARM, the net emission reduction from recycling mixed recyclables (e.g., paper, metals, plastics), compared with a baseline in which the materials are landfilled (i.e., accounting for the avoided emissions from landfilling), is 2.94 metric tons CO2 equivalent per short ton, as calculated in the “Tons of waste recycled instead of landfilled” section above. To develop the conversion factor for recycling rather than landfilling waste, emission factors from EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (WARM) were used (EPA 2019). To determine annual greenhouse gas emissions per passenger vehicle, the following methodology was used: VMT was divided by average gas mileage to determine gallons of gasoline consumed per vehicle per year. Approximate heat content of natural gas is a much ‘dirtier’ energy source, carbon-wise, than we.! ) or https: // means You ’ ve safely connected to.gov... Https: // natural gas carbon footprint You ’ ve safely connected to the.gov.... 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Best Paleo Dessert Cookbook, Motion Picture Association Of Canada, David My 600-lb Life Teeth, Terraria Magic Weapons Tier List, Gamma-cyhalothrin Inhalation, Stella Lemonade Mouth, Veterinary Laser Surgery Near Me, " /> ќW�^��/�^3��pW���+oH���r��)R��o5\f|��IkBX���m�� ���+�5�©cH�+�A�&]T���AsL���D��ћ���OC���I{R"s�[kY�Q*���jE����Imy9sU����e� ������ Scsa��xQ�;��3�s3���L�8� .i���LP8.1Dvp{�`�-�@n swVED�p���z�t�W�)�. 1,562.4 lbs CO2/MWh × (4.536 × 10-4 metric tons/lb) × 0.001 MWh/kWh = 7.09 × 10-4 metric tons CO2/kWh The medium growth coniferous and deciduous trees are raised in a nursery for one year until they become 1 inch in diameter at 4.5 feet above the ground (the size of tree purchased in a 15-gallon container). Gallons of gasoline consumed was multiplied by carbon dioxide per gallon of gasoline to determine carbon dioxide emitted per vehicle per year. Smith, J., Heath, L., & Nichols, M. (2010). Consequently, it is assumed that the change in equilibrium soil carbon will be annualized over 20 years to represent the annual flux in mineral and organic soils. Carbon Footprint Brandeis Greenhouse Gas Inventory. x���|Y����EݕH2�'��̉�98��ew�t���$�}�oߺ�)��2�n�%�X�{K�zq8m��I^ݶ�]�~��W難mS��ms}-^��J��}���Ra"n�>�"��R��ȓ4� The amount of CO 2 produced when a fuel is burned is a function of the carbon content of the fuel. **This is the chapter slice "Footprints At The Mall And In The Trash Gr. 5-8" from the full lesson plan "Reducing Your Own Carbon Footprint"** Engage students in global climate change by personalizing their own carbon footprint. Electricity generation from an average wind turbine was determined by multiplying the average nameplate capacity of a wind turbine in the United States (2.42 MW) by the average U.S. wind capacity factor (0.35) and by the number of hours per year. 0.0053 metric tons CO2­/therm x 10.36 therms/Mcf = 0.0548 metric tons CO2/Mcf. Significant geographical variations underlie the national estimates, and the values calculated here might not be representative of individual regions, states, or changes in the species composition of additional acres of forest. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Heating Buildings Leaves a Huge Carbon Footprint, But There’s a Fix For It. The average vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in 2018 was 11,556 miles per year (FHWA 2020). Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities.In 2019, CO 2 accounted for about 80 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. hectares × 103) = 200 metric tons of carbon stored per hectare, Annual Net Change in Carbon Stock per Area in Year 2018 = (-154 MMT C  × 106) / (279,787 thou. When global warming potential is taken into account4, CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from the natural gas system are approximately equal (~127 TgCO 2 e). This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SREX) explores the challenge of understanding and managing the risks of climate extremes to advance climate change adaptation. The Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2018 estimates emissions from drained organic soils using U.S.-specific emission factors for cropland and IPCC (2014) default emission factors for forestland (EPA 2020). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2018. On the one hand, when LNG provides natural gas to replace coal-fired power or the use of heating oil, it's a clear environmental winner. The heat content or the amount of energy produced when a fuel is burned is mainly determined by the carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) content of the fuel. The technologies and practices that have enabled the recent boom in shale gas production have also brought attention to the environmental impacts of its use. FM�op٦�� M�,wv�U�4�����zL�q�E@���\%ʁ5%@���ʑ�LQ�� Please note that this is an estimate for “average” U.S. forests from 2017 to 2018; i.e., the annual net change in carbon stock for U.S. forests as a whole between 2017 and 2018. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS In 2018, a total of 264 power plants used coal to generate at least 95% of their electricity (EPA 2020). �ߖ>1��О���0��$�|����G�l~�.�gF)��R'k���a(�T\���d��8J������_�&� �&y�j�c�����l�y�N Monthly Energy Review November 2019, Table A5: Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke. Office of Highway Policy Information, Federal Highway Administration. Ferreira, D., Dey, A. K., & Kostakos, V. (2011). padding-left:0 !important; These plants emitted 1,047,138,303.3 metric tons of CO2 in 2018. According to WARM, the net emission reduction from recycling mixed recyclables (e.g., paper, metals, plastics), compared with a baseline in which the materials are landfilled (i.e., accounting for the avoided emissions from landfilling), is  2.94 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per short ton. Total home electricity, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, and liquefied petroleum gas consumption figures were converted from their various units to metric tons of CO2 and added together to obtain total CO2 emissions per home. stream ��T���� IPCC Report on sources, capture, transport, and storage of CO2, for researchers, policy-makers and engineers. Work alongside TNC staff, partners and other volunteers to care for nature, and discover unique events, tours and activities across the country. Of a sample of approximately 11,000 coniferous and deciduous trees in seventeen major U.S. cities, approximately 11 percent and 89 percent of sampled trees were coniferous and deciduous, respectively (McPherson et al. } Natural gas. 1 0 obj Most of the CO 2 That number also doesn’t take into account all of the carbon emissions that happen across the full life cycle of natural gas, particularly during extraction, infrastructure construction, transport, and storage. Please refer to the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2018 for a discussion of the definition of U.S. forests and methodology for estimating carbon stored in U.S. forests (EPA 2020). Direct methane emissions released to the atmosphere (without burning) are about 25 times more powerful than CO2 in terms of their warming effect on the atmosphere. }. The average heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector in the U.S. in 2018 was 20.85 mmbtu per metric ton (EIA 2019). The greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas system losses or natural gas utilization within the natural gas system (excluding combustion by end-users) are shown in Figure 3. The nursery-grown trees are then planted in a suburban/urban setting; the trees are not densely planted. margin-left: 0px !important; *Mobile Terms & Conditions For cars run on electricity made from coal or natural gas, the stage with the largest carbon footprint is the production of electricity at the power plant. of natural gas and wind in the regional energy mix, with coal playing a much smaller role. Carbon dioxide emissions per pound of coal were determined by multiplying heat content times the carbon coefficient times the fraction oxidized times the ratio of the molecular weight of carbon dioxide to that of carbon (44/12). Monthly Energy Review November 2019, Table A4: Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas for End-Use Sector Consumption. On average, each home consumed 11,880 kWh of delivered electricity. The average heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector in the U.S. in 2018 was 20.85 mmbtu per metric ton (EIA 2019). Carbon emissions reached an all-time high in 2018, when global carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels increased by about 2.7%, after a 1.6% increase in 2017. Burning natural gas for energy results in fewer emissions of nearly all types of air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) than burning coal or petroleum products to produce an equal amount of energy. Heat is produced when C and H combine with oxygen (O) during combustion. The fraction oxidized to CO2 is 100 percent (IPCC 2006). Natural gas is a much ‘dirtier’ energy source, carbon-wise, than we thought. Burning wood releases more CO 2 than gas, oil and even coal for the same amount of heat, … The largest source of natural carbon emissions is from the exchange of carbon dioxide between the oceans and the atmosphere. Organic soils also emit CO2 when drained. According to WARM, the net emission reduction from recycling mixed recyclables (e.g., paper, metals, plastics), compared with a baseline in which the materials are landfilled (i.e., accounting for the avoided emissions from landfilling), is 2.94 metric tons CO2 equivalent per short ton, as calculated in the “Tons of waste recycled instead of landfilled” section above. To develop the conversion factor for recycling rather than landfilling waste, emission factors from EPA’s Waste Reduction Model (WARM) were used (EPA 2019). To determine annual greenhouse gas emissions per passenger vehicle, the following methodology was used: VMT was divided by average gas mileage to determine gallons of gasoline consumed per vehicle per year. Approximate heat content of natural gas is a much ‘dirtier’ energy source, carbon-wise, than we.! ) or https: // means You ’ ve safely connected to.gov... Https: // natural gas carbon footprint You ’ ve safely connected to the.gov.... 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**This is the chapter slice "Reduce What You Can and Offset the Rest Gr. 5-8" from the full lesson plan "Reducing Your School's Carbon Footprint"** Bring climate change to the classroom by teaching students about their school's carbon ... Carbon dioxide emissions avoided per year per wind turbine installed were determined by multiplying the average electricity generated per wind turbine in a year by the annual wind national marginal emission rate (EPA 2020). Applying the Step 2 calculation to data developed by the USDA Forest Service for the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2018 yields a result of 200 metric tons of carbon per hectare (or 81 metric tons of carbon per acre) for the carbon stock density of U.S. forests in 2018, with an annual net change in carbon stock per area in 2018 of 0.55 metric tons of carbon sequestered per hectare per year (or 0.22 metric tons of carbon sequestered per acre per year). The amount of carbon dioxide emitted per gallon of motor gasoline burned is 8.89 × 10-3 metric tons, as calculated in the “Gallons of gasoline consumed” section above. Liquid petroleum gas: 41.8 gallons per home × 1/42 barrels/gallon × 235.7 kg CO2/barrel × 1/1,000 kg/metric ton = 0.23 metric tons CO2/home, 4. Carbon dioxide emissions per therm are determined by converting million British thermal units (mmbtu) to therms, then multiplying the carbon coefficient times the fraction oxidized times the ratio of the molecular weight of carbon dioxide to carbon (44/12). This method is best used as an estimation for suburban/urban areas (i.e., parks, along sidewalks, yards) with highly dispersed tree plantings and is not appropriate for reforestation projects. Gen. Tech. This book offers an in-depth study of the history of the problem, featuring fast facts on air pollution and solutions for how we might make our air cleaner, healthier, and more breathable for the future. The average carbon coefficient of pipeline natural gas burned in 2018 is 14.43 kg carbon per mmbtu (EPA 2020). The IPCC (2006) guidelines indicate that there are insufficient data to provide a default approach or parameters to estimate carbon stock change from dead organic matter pools or belowground carbon stocks in perennial cropland (IPCC 2006). The Fed. - What are the upcoming technical developments regarding CO2 reduction? A highly useful, practical and essential information source on one of the most pressing environmental topics of our times. In 2018, the weighted average combined fuel economy of cars and light trucks was 22.5 miles per gallon (FHWA 2020). 2.42 MWaverage capacity x 0.35 x 8,760 hours/year x 1,000 kWh/MWh x 6.4818 x 10-4 metric tons CO2/kWh reduced = 4,807 metric tons CO2/year/wind turbine installed. A study published earlier this year found that methane emissions from the natural gas industry were likely 50 … This value assumes that all the carbon in the gasoline is converted to CO2 (IPCC 2006). **This is the chapter slice "How To Make Your Footprint Smaller And Why You Should Gr. 5-8" from the full lesson plan "Reducing Your Own Carbon Footprint"** Engage students in global climate change by personalizing their own carbon ... Metric Tons of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO 2e) 1 metric ton of CO Global sites represent either regional branches of The Nature Conservancy or local affiliates of The Nature Conservancy that are separate entities. In the preamble to the joint EPA/Department of Transportation rulemaking on May 7, 2010 that established the initial National Program fuel economy standards for model years 2012-2016, the agencies stated that they had agreed to use a common conversion factor of 10,180 grams of CO2 emissions per gallon of diesel consumed (Federal Register 2010). Annual Change in Emissions from Drained Organic Soils. 2. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Use this interactive calculator to find out—and take action. To determine annual greenhouse gas emissions per mile, the following methodology was used: carbon dioxide emissions per gallon of gasoline were divided by the average fuel economy of vehicles to determine carbon dioxide emitted per mile traveled by a typical passenger vehicle. Since 2005, annual consumption of natural gas in the United States has increased by nearly 41 percent or 9 trillion cubic feet (Tcf). The average heat content of crude oil is 5.80 mmbtu per barrel (EPA 2020). A marginal emission factor is the best representation to estimate which fossil-fired units EE/RE are displacing across the fossil fleet. Please also note that this calculation method assumes that all of the forest biomass is oxidized during clearing (i.e., none of the burned biomass remains as charcoal or ash) and does not include any carbon stored in harvested wood products post-harvest. For example, after 5 years (one year in the nursery and 4 in the urban setting), the probability of survival is 68 percent; after 10 years, the probability declines to 59 percent. To comply with city policies, PWB will need to be able to replace natural gas heating in facilities with non-fossil fuel alternatives over time. Studies by the US Environmental Protection Agency found that burning natural gas for power generates 45-55% of the carbon dioxide emissions … In 2019, there were 120.9 million homes in the United States (EIA 2020a). Annual Net Change in Carbon Stocks per Area in Year t = (Carbon Stocks(t+1) - Carbon Stockst)/Area of land remaining in the same land-use category, Step 1: Determine the carbon stock change between years by subtracting carbon stocks in year t from carbon stocks in year (t+1). Carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions from energy and material production can arise from various sources and fuel type: coal, oil, gas, cement production and gas flaring.. As global and national energy systems have transitioned over centuries and decades, the contribution of different fuel sources to CO 2 emissions has changed both geographically and temporally. They are provided (along with other useful information) in the "tool tips" throughout the calculator. This page describes the calculations used to convert greenhouse gas emission numbers into different types of equivalent units. ���r�/�P���a{Ί��B�q���ϳn����d��a��q�%0���� Natural gas emits 50 to 60 percent less carbon dioxide (CO2) when combusted in a new, efficient natural gas power plant compared with emissions from a typical new coal plant [ 1 ]. Notes: Life cycle analysis data from: Carbon and energy balances for a range of biofuels options Elsayed, MA, Matthews, R, Mortimer, ND. The averaged reference soil carbon stock (for high-activity clay, low-activity clay, sandy soils, and histosols for all climate regions in the United States) is 40.83 metric tons C/hectare (EPA 2020). 10,180 grams of CO2/gallon of diesel = 10.180 × 10-3 metric tons CO2/gallon of diesel. The fraction oxidized is 100 percent (IPCC 2006). �B�m�=�ƙ�W�u������,����%a�eX��0�>ќW�^��/�^3��pW���+oH���r��)R��o5\f|��IkBX���m�� ���+�5�©cH�+�A�&]T���AsL���D��ћ���OC���I{R"s�[kY�Q*���jE����Imy9sU����e� ������ Scsa��xQ�;��3�s3���L�8� .i���LP8.1Dvp{�`�-�@n swVED�p���z�t�W�)�. 1,562.4 lbs CO2/MWh × (4.536 × 10-4 metric tons/lb) × 0.001 MWh/kWh = 7.09 × 10-4 metric tons CO2/kWh The medium growth coniferous and deciduous trees are raised in a nursery for one year until they become 1 inch in diameter at 4.5 feet above the ground (the size of tree purchased in a 15-gallon container). Gallons of gasoline consumed was multiplied by carbon dioxide per gallon of gasoline to determine carbon dioxide emitted per vehicle per year. Smith, J., Heath, L., & Nichols, M. (2010). Consequently, it is assumed that the change in equilibrium soil carbon will be annualized over 20 years to represent the annual flux in mineral and organic soils. Carbon Footprint Brandeis Greenhouse Gas Inventory. x���|Y����EݕH2�'��̉�98��ew�t���$�}�oߺ�)��2�n�%�X�{K�zq8m��I^ݶ�]�~��W難mS��ms}-^��J��}���Ra"n�>�"��R��ȓ4� The amount of CO 2 produced when a fuel is burned is a function of the carbon content of the fuel. **This is the chapter slice "Footprints At The Mall And In The Trash Gr. 5-8" from the full lesson plan "Reducing Your Own Carbon Footprint"** Engage students in global climate change by personalizing their own carbon footprint. Electricity generation from an average wind turbine was determined by multiplying the average nameplate capacity of a wind turbine in the United States (2.42 MW) by the average U.S. wind capacity factor (0.35) and by the number of hours per year. 0.0053 metric tons CO2­/therm x 10.36 therms/Mcf = 0.0548 metric tons CO2/Mcf. Significant geographical variations underlie the national estimates, and the values calculated here might not be representative of individual regions, states, or changes in the species composition of additional acres of forest. A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Heating Buildings Leaves a Huge Carbon Footprint, But There’s a Fix For It. The average vehicle miles traveled (VMT) in 2018 was 11,556 miles per year (FHWA 2020). Carbon dioxide (CO 2) is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities.In 2019, CO 2 accounted for about 80 percent of all U.S. greenhouse gas emissions from human activities. hectares × 103) = 200 metric tons of carbon stored per hectare, Annual Net Change in Carbon Stock per Area in Year 2018 = (-154 MMT C  × 106) / (279,787 thou. When global warming potential is taken into account4, CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from the natural gas system are approximately equal (~127 TgCO 2 e). This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SREX) explores the challenge of understanding and managing the risks of climate extremes to advance climate change adaptation. The Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2018 estimates emissions from drained organic soils using U.S.-specific emission factors for cropland and IPCC (2014) default emission factors for forestland (EPA 2020). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2018. On the one hand, when LNG provides natural gas to replace coal-fired power or the use of heating oil, it's a clear environmental winner. The heat content or the amount of energy produced when a fuel is burned is mainly determined by the carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) content of the fuel. The technologies and practices that have enabled the recent boom in shale gas production have also brought attention to the environmental impacts of its use. FM�op٦�� M�,wv�U�4�����zL�q�E@���\%ʁ5%@���ʑ�LQ�� Please note that this is an estimate for “average” U.S. forests from 2017 to 2018; i.e., the annual net change in carbon stock for U.S. forests as a whole between 2017 and 2018. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS In 2018, a total of 264 power plants used coal to generate at least 95% of their electricity (EPA 2020). �ߖ>1��О���0��$�|����G�l~�.�gF)��R'k���a(�T\���d��8J������_�&� �&y�j�c�����l�y�N Monthly Energy Review November 2019, Table A5: Approximate Heat Content of Coal and Coal Coke. Office of Highway Policy Information, Federal Highway Administration. Ferreira, D., Dey, A. K., & Kostakos, V. (2011). padding-left:0 !important; These plants emitted 1,047,138,303.3 metric tons of CO2 in 2018. According to WARM, the net emission reduction from recycling mixed recyclables (e.g., paper, metals, plastics), compared with a baseline in which the materials are landfilled (i.e., accounting for the avoided emissions from landfilling), is  2.94 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent per short ton. Total home electricity, natural gas, distillate fuel oil, and liquefied petroleum gas consumption figures were converted from their various units to metric tons of CO2 and added together to obtain total CO2 emissions per home. stream ��T���� IPCC Report on sources, capture, transport, and storage of CO2, for researchers, policy-makers and engineers. Work alongside TNC staff, partners and other volunteers to care for nature, and discover unique events, tours and activities across the country. Of a sample of approximately 11,000 coniferous and deciduous trees in seventeen major U.S. cities, approximately 11 percent and 89 percent of sampled trees were coniferous and deciduous, respectively (McPherson et al. } Natural gas. 1 0 obj Most of the CO 2 That number also doesn’t take into account all of the carbon emissions that happen across the full life cycle of natural gas, particularly during extraction, infrastructure construction, transport, and storage. Please refer to the Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990–2018 for a discussion of the definition of U.S. forests and methodology for estimating carbon stored in U.S. forests (EPA 2020). Direct methane emissions released to the atmosphere (without burning) are about 25 times more powerful than CO2 in terms of their warming effect on the atmosphere. }. The average heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector in the U.S. in 2018 was 20.85 mmbtu per metric ton (EIA 2019). The greenhouse gas emissions from natural gas system losses or natural gas utilization within the natural gas system (excluding combustion by end-users) are shown in Figure 3. The nursery-grown trees are then planted in a suburban/urban setting; the trees are not densely planted. margin-left: 0px !important; *Mobile Terms & Conditions For cars run on electricity made from coal or natural gas, the stage with the largest carbon footprint is the production of electricity at the power plant. of natural gas and wind in the regional energy mix, with coal playing a much smaller role. Carbon dioxide emissions per pound of coal were determined by multiplying heat content times the carbon coefficient times the fraction oxidized times the ratio of the molecular weight of carbon dioxide to that of carbon (44/12). Monthly Energy Review November 2019, Table A4: Approximate Heat Content of Natural Gas for End-Use Sector Consumption. On average, each home consumed 11,880 kWh of delivered electricity. The average heat content of coal consumed by the electric power sector in the U.S. in 2018 was 20.85 mmbtu per metric ton (EIA 2019). Carbon emissions reached an all-time high in 2018, when global carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels increased by about 2.7%, after a 1.6% increase in 2017. Burning natural gas for energy results in fewer emissions of nearly all types of air pollutants and carbon dioxide (CO2) than burning coal or petroleum products to produce an equal amount of energy. Heat is produced when C and H combine with oxygen (O) during combustion. The fraction oxidized to CO2 is 100 percent (IPCC 2006). Natural gas is a much ‘dirtier’ energy source, carbon-wise, than we thought. Burning wood releases more CO 2 than gas, oil and even coal for the same amount of heat, … The largest source of natural carbon emissions is from the exchange of carbon dioxide between the oceans and the atmosphere. Organic soils also emit CO2 when drained. 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