Provides alternative solutions to such global problems as population control, emerging water shortages, eroding soil, and global warming. We can calculate this increase as [(7.63 billion – 3.09 billion) / 3.09 billion * 100 = 147%]. Countries that lie along this line would have a net-neutral impact on global forests: the area they are causing to deforestation overseas is exactly as large as the area they are regrowing at home. Despite being declared as protected lands, these national parks weren’t immune to deforestation. Their annual deforestation rate in 2010 was less than 0.02% and has been on a steady decline for more than 25 years. It’s estimated that 66% of this tree cover loss happened due to urbanization. We need trees to clean our air! Deforestation, the permanent destruction of forests in order to make the land available for other uses, is considered to be a contributing factor to global climate change. With 31% of the world covered with trees, deforestation is a threat to ecosystems around the globe: Deforestation increased 12% globally in 2020, according to the World Resources Institute. FAO estimates that deforestation has robbed the world of roughly 420 million hectares since 1990, mainly in Africa and South America. This helps consumers understand what products they should be concerned about, but also allows us to target specific supply chains. This landmark ruling gives the Amazon river the same rights as a human individual and adds additional protection to the environmentally sensitive tropical forest. Improvements in crop yields mean the per capita demand for agricultural land continues to fall. Since then, deforestation has slowed. In June, deforestation in Brazil was up . This tenth edition of the State of the World's Forests explores the role of forests in human history, finding strong links between forest use and economic and social development and between unabated forest destruction and economic decline. Peatlands are home to immense soil carbon stores and unique biodiversity richness. But forest cover increases through reforestation. The trees can eventually grow back, but at the rate we're cutting them down, they can't grow fast enough. However, after deforestation, these gases are released directly into the atmosphere, leading to global warming. Improvements in agricultural productivity tends to both drive and follow economic growth. Deforestation is a global problem. Costa Rica previously had one of the fastest rates of deforestation in the world. By planting a tree, using recycled products, and supporting companies committed to reducing deforestation, anyone can make a difference and contribute to a better world. Scientific Reports, 7, 40678. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. In a study published in Global Environmental Change, Florence Pendrill and colleagues investigated where tropical deforestation was occurring; what products were driving this; and, using global trade models, they traced where these products were going in international supply chains.37, They found that tropical deforestation – given as the annual average between 2010 and 2014 – was responsible for 2.6 billion tonnes of CO2 per year. Moreover, statistics show that this loss was the equivalent of 187Mt of CO2 emissions. Countries such as Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Democratic Republic of Congo are in the early transition phase and are losing forests quickly. Here's what deforestation looks like in 2019 - and what we can do about it. Data on net forest change, afforestation and deforestation is sourced from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization’s Forest Resources Assessment. Science, 361(6407), 1108-1111. Facts about deforestation reveal that a significant number of people who live in highly forested areas get lured into deforestation by logging companies. Deforestation is driven by global markets. In a previous article I showed that the types of food you eat matter much more for your carbon footprint than where it comes from – this is because transport usually makes up a small percentage of your food’s emissions, even if it comes from the other side of the world. In 2019, 10,129 km 2 of forest was clear-cut, an increase of 34% compared to 2018 . The US forest industry employs over a million people. In a related post we have combined this FAO data with global deforestation rates from Williams (2003) to document forest change over the last 300 years – this gives us data on forest change from 1700 onwards. The UK ‘imported’ 34,000 hectares of deforestation but increased its domestic forests by only 19,000 hectares. What this showed was that although humans have been deforesting the planet for millennia, the rate of forest loss accelerated rapidly in the last few centuries. That is why we should be focusing on tropical deforestation. The rate of forest loss changed a lot. In April 2018, the Supreme Court of Colombia demanded a plan to combat Amazon deforestation be created. Wildfires can be another major cause of deforestation and forest degradation. (The Guardian), Agriculture is responsible for approximately, 31% of modern diseases are a result of deforestation. "Deforestation destroys wildlife habitat and is a key reason for populations of wildlife having plunged by half in the last 40 years, starting a sixth mass extinction". free shipping on all ordersOrders placed before 5pm ET ship same day (This includes farming-related industries, like paper mills and sugar refineries.). An area the size of the United States. Your email address will not be published. It’s useful to make this distinction because – as we will see – where the world has lost forests has shifted. Another factor that must be considered when studying deforestation is albedo. Found inside – Page 120The rate of global deforestation-from all causes-- is highly uncertain, with estimated rates in the early 1980s ranging from roughly 0.5 percent44to 1.8 percent45 annually. These rates appear to be accelerating due to increasing ... The deforestation rates in Brazil have decreased. We manage to capture some of these differences in carbon in our related article on deforestation emissions embedded in trade. IPCC projections of future rates of deforestation also assume falling rates. An avid reader, dark chocolate connoisseur, and coffee addict, she is passionate about writing quality content based on thorough research and facts. Indonesia also dropped out of the top three countries for primary forest loss for the first time since our record . Is there a forest transition? In the article we will look at the reasons we lose forest; how these can be differentiated in a useful way; and what this means for understanding our priorities in tackling forest loss. But it was then that England reached its transition point and since then, forests have doubled in size.14. The main problem is that there are only about 20 unarmed rangers and more than 200 teams of armed tree cutters. In the new economy, wind farms replace coal mines, hydrogen-powered fuel cells replace internal combustion engines, and cities are designed for people, not cars. Eco-Economy is a map of how to get from here to there. Deforestation and forest degradation are responsible for around 15% of all greenhouse gas emissions. Global Environmental Change, 15(1), 23-31. They’re a great source of food, medicine, and fuel for millions of people worldwide. Additionally, 27% of all planet’s species are in danger of becoming extinct. Deforesting the earth: from prehistory to global crisis. and monitoring deforestation rates so that Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation 3 Œ known as REDDŒ can be included in a global agreement to reduce emissions. In the map we see the net deforestation embedded in trade for each country. The turnaround was heralded as one of the world's most dramatic environmental success . Deforestation is also to blame for animal extinction and a decrease in global biodiversity. If this doesn’t sound scary enough, let’s put it into another perspective. In contrast, Indonesia’s main deforestation culprit is the palm oil industry. In the tropics, some forestry production can be classified as deforestation when primary rainforests are cut down to make room for managed tree plantations.24. First, trees absorb carbon dioxide and emit oxygen, leading to clean, breathable air. In China, the biggest driver is demand for ‘oilseeds’ – which is the combination of soy imported from Latin America and palm oil, imported from Indonesia and Malaysia. Not only would this be bad for people, it might also be bad for forests. Nature, 525(7568), 201-205. Cuaresma, J. C., Danylo, O., Fritz, S., McCallum, I., Obersteiner, M., See, L., & Walsh, B. At their Global Forest Watch platform they were already presenting maps of forest loss across the world. The change is temporary. Deforestation has always been associated predominantly with paper production, and, by extension, printing. Found inside – Page 206Global deforestation rates since 1990 have ranged between 0.12% per year and 0.2% per year. In most regions, deforestation rates have declined somewhat in the 2010–15 period. Clearly, some regions are suffering more from deforestation ... The UN FAO estimate that 10 million hectares of forest were cut down each year. Deforestation statistics reveal that the primary forest covered more than 50% of Indonesia’s land area. That’s equivalent to the area of South Africa. Trees absorb the carbon dioxide that humans exhale, but they also trap the greenhouse gases we create every day. The destruction of forests creates almost as much greenhouse gas emissions as global road travel, and yet it continues at an alarming rate. The author discusses the geopolitics of food security in the face of scarcity caused by falling water tables, soil erosion and global warming and supports his position that “food is the new oil” through an examination of decades of ... 7 September 2015, Durban/Rome - The world's forests continue to shrink as populations increase and forest land is converted to agriculture and other uses, but over the past 25 years the rate of net global deforestation has slowed down by more than 50 percent, FAO said in a report published today.. Deforestation rates in the Amazon rainforest are approaching new highs in recent years. estimate a 35% loss of global forest cover since 10,000. 2001 - November 18, 2019. This may not seem like a large percentage, but only 3% more, and the Amazon rainforest will be past the point of salvation. On the x-axis we have imported deforestation. If whatever you’re eating contains more than 40% saturated fat, it’s likely packed with palm oil. Even with the most basic of lifestyles compared to today’s standards, the per capita footprint of our ancestors would have been large. Environmental impacts of food consumption in Europe. The article says that deforestation peaked 30-40 years ago. But it’s not the case for deforestation. Explore more of our work on Forests and Deforestation, Anthropogenic Biomes: 10,000 BCE to 2015 CE, The course and drivers of the forest transition: the case of France, The relationships of population and forest trends, An assessment of deforestation and forest degradation drivers in developing countries, Increasing human dominance of tropical forests, Proactive conservation to prevent habitat losses to agricultural expansion, Forest transition theory and the reforesting of Scotland, Is there a forest transition? The rate of population growth tends to slow down. On the horizontal axis we have time, spanning from 1700 to 2020; on the vertical axis we have the decadal change in forest cover. The changes to the forest are often temporary and it’s expected that they will regrow. Deforestation leaves animals without homes. Information from AlChe, “The Global Home of Engineers” suggests more needs to be done by the paper industry to combat global forest loss. To understand this more recent loss of forest, let’s zoom in on the last 300 years. At a rate of $.10 per tree, these programs give impoverished residents a source of income, as well to help forests recover globally. Since 2003, we’ve lost double the amount of global tree cover. As we will see later, this would be a distraction from our primary concern: ending tropical deforestation. How much do people in rich countries contribute to deforestation overseas? Slowly but surely, we’re fighting back wherever deforestation occurs. Canada has the lowest rate of deforestation in the world. Today that’s just 34%. But distilling changes to this single metric – tree or forest loss – comes with its own issues. Deforestation rates by country show that Canada’s deforestation rates are the lowest in the world. In 2012 – the mid-year of this period – global emissions from fossil fuels, industry and land use change was 40.2 billion tonnes. Friends of the Earth's new report demonstrates the pressing need for the financial sector to confront its role in deforestation and to act . The most concentrated deforestation occurs in tropical rainforests. Most emissions – 71% – came from foods consumed in the country that they were produced. Facts About Paper: How Paper Affects the Environment, Prior to 2019, greenhouse gas emission from tropical forest degradation was seriously underestimated. When a tree is cut down, we not only lose its carbon filtering potential, we also release all of the carbon stored in that tree. Mapping tree density at a global scale. It provides long-term estimates on forest cover in 10,000 and 5,000 years BP. . There is a geographical argument (why the tropics?) Summarizes the scale and pace of change affecting Indonesia's forests and identifies the forces and actors driving deforestation. Forests, biodiversity and people. In 2018, the world lost about 30 million acres of forest, according to important new data from World Resources Institute. Building on data that is more comprehensive and reliable than ever before, covering 234 countries and territories, the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 shows encouraging signs of improved forest management and a global slowdown in ... Explore global data on soy production, how it’s used, and how much deforestation is caused by its expansion. However, since 2013, official deforestation rates have been on an upward trend, worsening in the last two years 1. Forest loss measures the net change in forest cover: the loss in forests due to deforestation plus any expansion of forest through afforestation.6. Imported emissions are also high for Taiwan, Belgium and the Netherlands at around one tonne. 40% of that land is now covered in buildings and roads. Without reliable metrics that capture all of these differences, we will have to stick with total changes in forest area for now. This practice continues to this day, to the point where the United States has destroyed 75% of its virgin forests since 1600, according to Vicki Wright at Love To Know. In Latin America and Southeast Asia in particular, commodity-driven deforestation – mainly the clearance of forests to grow crops such as palm oil and soy, and pasture for beef production – accounts for almost two-thirds of forest loss. If you want to know more about habitat destruction facts and other vital facts and statistics on global deforestation, keep reading. From 1850 to 1920, losses were around 50% higher at 30 million hectares per decade –that’s like losing a forested area the size of Italy every 10 years. Share of deforestation that is driven by domestic consumption, Annual CO₂ emissions from deforestation for food production, trade-adjusted. Global Deforestation Statistics. Rather than looking at total figures by country [if you’re interested, we have mapped them here] we have calculated the per capita footprint. The problem is that it treats all forest loss as equal. Ruben Valbuena, Bangor University, Thomas Lovejoy, George Mason University. Most of this wood is being used for fuel. Forest degradation measures a thinning of the canopy – a reduction in the density of trees in the area – but without a change in land use. In addition, Indonesia reduced its deforestation rates by, Reforestation trends studied by National Geographic suggest global forestation will increase by. Science, 349(6250), 827-832.Williams, D. R., Clark, M., Buchanan, G. M., Ficetola, G. F., Rondinini, C., & Tilman, D. (2020). As a result, many amphibians, reptiles, and other vertebrates have lost their homes and eventually become extinct. Just over one-quarter of global forest loss is driven by deforestation. (UN News) Between 2010-2015 12 million hectares of forest were destroyed every year giving a 22.58% decline for 2010-2015 compared to 1990-2010. Today, only 4 billion hectares are left. The remaining 73% came from the three drivers of forest degradation: logging of forestry products from plantations (26%); shifting, local agriculture (24%); and wildfires (23%). 95% of the world’s deforestation occurs in the tropics [we look at this breakdown again later]. Deforestation rates by country, 1990-2005 context of the image. At global level, the gross loss of tropical forests was 8.0 million ha yr −1 during 1990s (0.497% annually) with a slight decrease of 7.6 million ha yr −1 during the 2000s (0.494% annually), mainly due to reduced deforestation rates in the humid forests of Africa and Southeast Asia (from 0.70 to 0.36 million ha yr −1 and from 1.70 to 1.22 . By 2012, forest clearing was down nearly 80 percent, or roughly 5,000 square kilometers (1,900 square miles) per year. Halting deforestation is essential to avoiding the worst effects of global climate change. Nearly all – 95% – of this deforestation occurs in the tropics. According to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, deforestation has decreased from 62,000 square miles to 38,600 square miles per year. The WWF has already classified the orangutan species as endangered. Scottish Geographical Journal, 120(1-2), 83-98. Production of timber, clearing space for cattle ranches, palm oil plantations, and growing soy all contribute to deforestation, even though there are many more causes. In recent years, Asia Paper and Pulp pledged to reduce deforestation, but the company’s main competitors have not. Our crop yields improve and so we need less land for agriculture. The first step in doing this is for rich countries to monitor their deforestation impacts overseas more closely. Many countries have much less forest today than they did in the past. A negative number for "Annual change" and/or "total change" reflects deforestation. It’s domestic demand, not international trade, that is the main driver of deforestation. , but the real reason for deforestation is money. National Inventory of Woodland and Trees, England (2001). In just a few decades, forest cover dropped from 70 percent to 20 percent by the 1980s. The top countries for average annual net losses of forest area over the last 10 years, are . "}},{"@type":"Question","name":"Why should we stop deforestation? There are some bright spots in recent decades. and an argument for why deforestation is worse than degradation. Rates and causes of deforestation vary from region to region around the world. For example, the US ‘imported’ 64,000 hectares of deforested land, but increased its domestic forest area by 275,000 hectares. World population and cumulative deforestation, 1800 to 2010. It also contributed to releasing 11.1Gt of CO2. Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020 – Key findings. Bamboo is easy to grow and makes excellent fuelwood. Additionally, deforestation in Latin America statistics also revealed that 42 of Haiti’s 50 largest mountains have entirely lost their primary forest. The turnaround was heralded as one of the world's most dramatic environmental success . Forestry is one of the most essential US employment sectors, with an average annual direct payroll of $55.4 billion. After we adjust for imports and exports, how much CO2 from deforestation is each country responsible for? This has resulted in tree cover gain improvement for the world’s forests. Forest Transitions: why do we lose then regain forests? (World Resources Institute). Across Africa, fuelwood and charcoal played a much larger role – it accounted for more than half (52%). There’s probably oil palm in there. As we will see later, this is dominated by palm oil exports to Europe, China, India, North America and the Middle East. This lack of tree cover leads to overall global warming and climate change. Deforestation statistics from 2020 reveal that Alaska, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida suffered the most significant tree cover losses. At this stage, countries are still losing forest each year but at a lower rate than before. Reducing tropical deforestation can significantly lower . The story of both soy and palm oil are complex – and it’s not obvious that eliminating these products will fix the problem. In 2015, WWF's Saving Forests at Risk analysis identified 11 global deforestation fronts including eastern Australia. In addition, Greenpeace reports nearly 80% of logging in Indonesia is done illegally. Cattle ranches (and the livestock they contain) produce harmful methane, while crop farming releases nitrous oxide into the environment through fertilizers. May 23, 2021. Annual forest cover loss by climate domain in millions of hectares per year, 2001-2010. 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